加州大学伯克利分校校长杜宁凯中国改革成就的文明基因是什么

隔着屏幕都能感受到的刺激!

这位挑战冰桶的是谁?

他就是尼古拉斯·杜宁凯 ( Nicholas Dirks ) 。

杜宁凯教授是美国知名历史学家。1997年担任哥伦比亚大学人类学系主任,是美国文理科学院院士、美国外交关系委员会成员。2013年6月,杜宁凯教授就任加州大学伯里克分校第十任校长。

解读中国工作室推出的系列短片《见证中国变革时代》,用镜头记录国际政要、海外知名学者眼中的改革开放四十年。今天推出第5集《尼古拉斯·杜宁凯:中国改革成就的文明基因》。

本系列节目亦是“记录美好时代”融媒体传播活动作品。

杜宁凯是西方学界研究东亚文明的权威。他幼时即随父亲前往印度生活过,此后又多次前往日本、韩国和中国进行学术研究。

阳春四月,泛舟湖上,不得不说,杜宁凯比我们更享受这座古都散发出的历史文化气息。


“在四月初春温暖的北京,我们来到这里,泛舟于湖面,体验清代的历史文化,这真是太美妙了。”

It’s wonderful to beright here on the water, on one of the first warm spring days of April in  Beijing and to experience the history of theQing Dynasty.

如何看待中国改革开放四十年的发展?杜宁凯选择用历史和文明的视角看待这个问题。


“我知道中国已经取得了巨大的进步,但对我来说重要的是,中国和其历史有着非常紧密的联系,我认为对一个文明体来说具有历史意识是十分重要的。”

I know that China has made an enormous progress but what is so important to me is that there is a very strong connection to the history of China. And I think that’s very important for a civilization to be historically-minded.

“世界上每个地区、每个国家都有着不同的历史,而历史在一定程度上决定了我们如何去思考这些基本问题——我们是谁,我们在这世界上所处的位置是什么以及文化问题。我经常思考文化身份认同和文化生存模式的问题,而文化是由历史形成的。因此,我认为习主席是正确的,每个国家都有着不同的特点。”

Each part of the world, each nation has a very distinct history, and that history determines to some extent how we think about that fundamental questions of who we are, what is our places in the world and culture matters. I think a lot about cultural identity and cultural modes of being in the world and culture is shaped by history. So I think that President Xi is correct that each country has some distinct features.

四十年过去了,杜宁凯结合对中国和印度文明的研究,做出如下对比:

“我们都知道印度有种姓制度,曾被英国人殖民了200年。它在摆脱英殖民后,努力推进工业化的快速发展,并维护时有纷乱的民治政治秩序。然而在中国,其历史与印度有着很大的差异。中华人民共和国成立的时候,印度差不多同时取得了独立,并且两国的领导人都对发展工业感兴趣,但中国似乎取得了更大的成就。”

India was known forhaving a caste system, was, of course, colonized by the British for two hundredyears. It began its post-independent life both trying to achieve rapidindustrialization and maintaining the sometimes chaotic democratic politicalsystem. And of course in China, it had a very different kind of history, butthe (People’s) Republic of China began of course about the same time aspost-independent India, and the leadership here was interested in developing  industrialization in the same way but itseemed to have much more success.

杜宁凯认为中国已成为全球自由贸易的坚定维护者,应该承担领导全球的责任。

“如今在美国,有一些人在抗议总统,抗议全球化,抗议现代的新兴事物及活动。他们认为可以拒绝这一切的发生,这一想法是非常危险的,因为我们是紧密相连的,所以中国的开放正是在充分利用各种不同的机会。我认为这是一个重要的信号,即中国愿意承担起几乎是领导全球的责任。”

Right now in the United States, there are some people who are protesting against the president. They are protesting against globalization. They are protesting against the new kind of activity that is the part of the modern world. And I think it can be very dangerous to think you can reject that because we are connected and so the openness of China is taking advantage of many different opportunities. And I think an important sign of China’s willingness to take on a kind of almost global leadership.

我相信自由贸易,同时我认为自18世纪以来,开放贸易一直是有益的,因为它在不同的人们和世界不同的地区之间建立起了联系,建立了相互依赖和认同。因此,我认为,习近平主席关于继续开放中国的想法是十分美好的,也是目前所需要的。

I mean I believe in free trade and I think that ever since the 18th century, it has been the case that the open trade is good because it establishes relationships and it establishes mutual dependency and sympathy across and between different people and different parts of the world. So I think that President Xi’s idea of continuing to open China up is wonderful and much needed at the present time. 

2017年1月,我在达沃斯论坛上聆听了习主席在世界经济论坛的第一天所发表的演讲。那是一个非常鼓舞人心、启发灵感的演讲,我相信达沃斯在场的每一个人,都会认同这种全球领导力是多么重要,现今尤其如此。

I was in Davos inJanuary of 2017 when President Xi gave his speech on the first day of the WorldEconomic Forum. And it was a very inspiring speech and everyone who was inDavos, I think, felt that kind of global leadership would be so important,especially now.

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